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What (who) is 4th Independent Air Defence Army - definition
4th Independent Air Defence Army
The 4th Independent Air Defence Army (Russian: 4-я отдельная армия ПВО) was an army of the Soviet Air Defence Forces. It was formed on 10 April 1960 from the Uralskaya Air Defence Army at Sverdlovsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast.
Air-independent propulsion
![DRDO]] of [[India]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/DRDO AIP (Air Independent Propulsion) model for Kalvari-class submarine.jpg?width=200 "DRDO]] of [[India]]")
![A replica of ''[[Ictineo II]]'', Monturiol's pioneering submarine, in Barcelona.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ictineo II.jpg?width=200 "A replica of ''[[Ictineo II]]'', Monturiol's pioneering submarine, in Barcelona.")
![X-1 midget submarine on display at the [[Submarine Force Library and Museum]] in the United States](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SS X-1 Midget Submarine.jpg?width=200 "X-1 midget submarine on display at the [[Submarine Force Library and Museum]] in the United States")
![A [[Type 212 submarine]] of the [[German Navy]], equipped with a fuel-cell AIP.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/U Boot 212 HDW 1.jpg?width=200 "A [[Type 212 submarine]] of the [[German Navy]], equipped with a fuel-cell AIP.")
PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR SUBMARINES WHICH OPERATES WITHOUT ACCESS TO ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN
Air Independent Propulsion; Air-Independent Propulsion; Air independent propulsion; Air-Independent Power; Air-independent power; Air-independant propulsion
Air-independent propulsion (AIP), or air-independent power, is any marine propulsion technology that allows a non-nuclear submarine to operate without access to atmospheric oxygen (by surfacing or using a snorkel). AIP can augment or replace the diesel-electric propulsion system of non-nuclear vessels.
10th Independent Air Defence Army
The 10th Independent Red Banner Air Defence Army (Military Unit Number 41137) was an army of the Soviet Air Defence Forces, active from 1960 to 1994. The headquarters was at Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast.
